PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

Europaudvalget 2013-14, Beskæftigelsesudvalget 2013-14
EUU Alm.del Bilag 415, KOM (2012) 0729 Bilag 2
Offentligt

Danish Youth Guarantee

Implementation Plan

April 2014

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

Danish Youth Guarantee Implementation Plan

Contents

0. Introduction

.................................................................................................................................................. 3

The Youth Guarantee

................................................................................................................................. 3

Danish compliance

..................................................................................................................................... 3

1. Facts on the youth unemployment in Denmark incl. NEETS

.............................................................. 5

2. Implementing the Youth Guarantee Scheme

....................................................................................... 10

3. Partnership approaches

.......................................................................................................................... 13

Youth Guidance Centres (UU)

................................................................................................................ 13

Vocational Education and Training including stakeholder involvement (Erhvervsuddannelser)

.. 13

Production Schools (Produktionsskoler)

............................................................................................... 14

Job centres (jobcentre)

............................................................................................................................ 14

Municipalities (kommuner)

...................................................................................................................... 14

Youth Units (ungeenheder)

..................................................................................................................... 14

Enterprises (virksomheder)

..................................................................................................................... 14

Unemployment Insurance Funds (a-kasser)

........................................................................................ 14

The Social Partners (arbejdsmarkedets parter)

................................................................................... 14

Regional Growth Fora (regionale vækstcentre)

................................................................................... 15

4. Early intervention and activation

............................................................................................................ 16

The Cash Benefit Reform (Kontanthjælpsreform)

............................................................................... 16

The initiative ‘Building Bridge to Education’ (Videnspiloten ‘Brobygning til Uddannelse’)

............. 18

The Vocational Education and Training-reform (Erhvervsuddannelsesreformen)

......................... 18

The role of guidance and of the Youth Guidance Centres (UU-centre)

........................................... 19

Other initiatives..........................................................................................................................................

5. Supportive Measures for labour market integration

............................................................................ 22

Trainee effort for graduates (Trainee-indsats for dimittender)

........................................................... 22

Wage subsidy jobs (Ansættelse med løntilskud)

................................................................................. 23

Enterprise training (Virksomhedspraktik)

.............................................................................................. 23

Internship Centres (Praktikcentre)

......................................................................................................... 23

Job rotation (Jobrotation)

......................................................................................................................... 24

Upgrading in connection with a job (Opkvalificeringsjobs)

................................................................. 24

6. Funding an continuous improvement of schemes

............................................................................... 25

7. Conclusion

................................................................................................................................................. 28

[2]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

0. Introduction

The tackling of youth unemployment is a severe challenge for the EU and its Member States and

the Danish government supports the Youth Guarantee Scheme and the strong focus on youth un-

employment.

By EU-standards Denmark has a relatively low rate of youth unemployment measured in both gen-

eral terms and as long-term unemployment. This is largely due to the strong focus on reform poli-

cies by the Danish Government. This focus has led to important results – in partnership with social

partners and other relevant actors. This report maps the extensive range of recent reforms and

schemes enacted and implemented during recent years and months.

The Youth Guarantee

According to the Youth Guarantee all young people under the age of 25 years should receive a

good-quality offer of employment, continued education, an apprenticeship or a traineeship within a

period of four months of becoming unemployed or leaving formal education.

Amongst other guidelines, the Youth Guarantee scheme should be based on a partnership-based

approach involving all relevant public authorities, social partners, education institutions, guidance

centres etc. The scheme should secure early intervention and offer supportive measures for labour

market integration.

Danish compliance

Denmark fulfil the EU Youth Guarantee given the range of initiatives that are available to help

young people to obtain an education and the range of employment and training measures aimed in

particular at young people as part of the active labour market policy.

The overall objective for the Danish youth schemes is to:



get young people without an education into education



get young people with an education into employment



give young people without an education and without the preconditions to begin and com-

plete an ordinary education the needed upgrading of skills to obtain an ordinary education.

As explained in detail in this report, young people registering as unemployed at a job centre will

have their first interview within seven days. If they lack an ordinary education, they have the right to

an educational activation within the first month. If they already have an education, but do not suc-

ceed in finding a job within three months, they will receive a quality offer of relevant activation,

training or employment.

The time of unemployment is counted from the day of registering at the job centre.

If a young person drops out of education he or she will be contacted by the Youth Guidance Cen-

tres. All youths formulate a personal education plan and if they deviate from the plan, the Guidance

Centre must contact them within 5 days of receiving this information, and the young person must

receive an offer of an alternative activity within 30 days from the first contact.

The Danish labour market is regulated in strong cooperation with social partners and recent re-

forms have established new initiatives such as the Youth Units and others to improve integrated

cooperation between all relevant labour market actors and public authorities.

The youth unemployment initiatives are part of the general Danish active labour market approach

and reforms, but also include various initiatives targeted at youth and specific groups of youth with

[3]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

higher risks of unemployment. This report presents implemented initiatives and measures most

relevant for youth.

Education is a special focus of the Danish policy concerning unemployed people below 30 years.

In 2013 more than 50.000 persons below 30 years received cash benefit (kontanthjælp). Approxi-

mately 90 percent of this group did not have an education. With the cash benefit reform from Janu-

ary 2014 young people are therefore met with clear expectations and support for them to start and

finish an education, which can give them access to the labour market.

The following report outlines the Danish reforms and policy measures to implement the Youth

Guarantee. Section 1 describes the facts on Danish youth employment. Section 2 outlines the initi-

atives and measures taken under the Youth Guarantee Scheme. Danish labour market policies are

characterised by the close cooperation with social partners and between relevant partners ex-

plained in section 3. Section 4 describes measures taken to secure early intervention and activa-

tion of youth and section 5 outlines supportive measures to ease labour market integration. Part of

the presented initiatives is a part of the general active Danish labour market policies and others are

wide focused initiatives. In section 6 objectives, funding and planned evaluation of the focused

initiatives are presented. Section 7 concludes the report.

The report has been prepared by The Danish Ministry of Employment with input from other minis-

tries and agencies, primarily The Danish Ministry of Education, The Danish Agency for Labour

Market and International Recruitment and The Danish Business Authority.

The social partners

have been consulted in the making of the report.

[4]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

1. Facts on the youth unemployment in Denmark incl. NEETS

In December 2013 the Danish youth unemployment was 12.9 percent. Only three other countries

had lower youth unemployment, cf. figure 1.

Figure 1.

Unemployment rates of under-25 year olds in the EU28 countries, December 2013

Percent

EU28

Percent

Note: December 2013. The rates are seasonally adjusted

Source: Eurostat.

Comparing the Danish youth unemployment to the rate among the EU28 countries, youth unem-

ployment in EU28 is almost double the size of the Danish rate. This indicates that the various poli-

cy measures have been effective. It is expected that increased focus on the youth, e.g. from the

recent Vocational Education and Training Reform and cash benefit reform, will improve their labour

market opportunities, and as such it is expected to lower the Danish unemployment rates among

the youth.

Up until mid-2012 the economic downturn affected youth unemployment in Denmark to the same

degree as EU28 as a whole. That is, the gap between the youth unemployment in Denmark and

EU28 has roughly been the same. Since mid-2012 the Danish rate has had a slight downward

trend, which has increased the gap, cf. figure 2.

Figure 2.

Unemployment rates of under-25 year olds in EU28 and Denmark, 2007-2013

Percent

Danmark

EU-28

Percent

[5]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

Note: 2007-2013. The rates are seasonally adjusted

Source: Eurostat.

The unemployment rate for the age group 15-24 years olds have from fourth quarter of 2008 to 2

quarter of 2012 been higher for males than females. Since the end of 2012, the difference in un-

employment between sexes grew once again reaching a gap of 4,3percentage points in third quar-

ter of 2013, cf. figure 3.

Figure 3.

Unemployment rates among 15-24 year olds Danish males and females, 2007Q1-

2013Q4

Note: 1 quarter 2007 – 4 quarter 2013. The rates are seasonally adjusted

Source: Eurostat.

For the group of 15-24-year-olds the unemployment rate has in the entire period been higher than

the unemployment rate for the overall age group, cf. figure 4.

Figure 4.

Unemployment rates among 15-24 year olds and 25-74 year olds on Denmark, 2007Q1-

2013Q4

Note: 1 quarter 2007 – 4 quarter 2013. The rates are seasonally adjusted

Source: Eurostat.

[6]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

An important part of the youth effort is to reduce the risk of becoming long-term unemployed. Only

one other country in EU28 had a lower long-term unemployment among 15-24 year olds in 2012.

The Danish rate was 1.3 percent, compared to the significantly higher EU28 rate of 7.4 percent, cf.

figure 5.

Figure 5.

Long-term unemployment rates among 15-24 year olds in the EU28 countries, 2012

Note: 2012.

Source: Eurostat

From 2011 to 2012 the long-term unemployment rate among 15-25 year olds in EU28 increased,

whereas the rate decreased in Denmark, broadening the gap, cf. figure 6.

Figure 6.

Long-term unemployment rates among 15-24 year olds in Denmark and EU28, 2010-

2012

Note: 2010-2012. Danish data is only available in the period 2010-2012.

Source: Eurostat.

The NEETs accounted for 6.6 percent of the Danish 15-24 year olds in 2012, which is nearly half

the size of the EU28-rate, cf. figure 6. The gap to EU28 has been relatively constant since the be-

ginning of the economic crisis.

[7]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

Figure 7.

The share of NEETs among 15-24 year olds in EU28 countries, 2012

Note: 2012.

Source: Eurostat.

The difference between the share of NEETs in EU28 and Denmark has been relatively constant

since 2007, cf. figure 8.

Figure 8.

The share of NEETs among 15-24 year olds in Denmark and EU28, 2007-2012

Note: 2007-2012.

Source: Eurostat.

In 2012 the employment rate among 15-24 year olds in Denmark was 55 percent, which makes it

the second highest rate in EU28, cf. figure 9. In EU28 the youth employment rate was 32.8 per-

cent, and thus the Danish rate was around 22 percentage points higher.

[8]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

Figure 9.

Employment rates among 15-24 year olds in EU28 countries, 2012

Note: 2012.

Source: Eurostat.

Though the Danish employment rate among the youth is much higher than the EU28-rate, the gap

between the two has decreased since the beginning of the crisis, cf. figure 10.

Figure 10.

Employment rates among 15-24 year olds in EU28 and Denmark, 2007Q1-2013Q3

Note: 1 quarter 2007 – 4 quarter 2013. Not seasonally adjusted.

Source: Eurostat.

[9]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

2. Implementing the Youth Guarantee Scheme

As shown above, the youth unemployment rate in Denmark is relatively low compared to the

EU28-rate. The long-term unemployment rate among 15-24 year olds in 2012 was the second low-

est in the EU. Correspondingly the size of NEET group is low. This indicates that the Danish ac-

tions have been effective.

Denmark fulfils the Youth Guarantee. Still, the Danish government continues to implement reforms

and initiatives, with the purpose of getting more people, and especially young people to take an

education, and to get young people with an education into job. Initiatives and measured listed in

this report are already enacted.

The efforts start early. Following a political agreement from November 2009 a comprehensive

piece of legislation was passed in the Danish parliament in June 2010. 15-17 year olds are obliged

to be in education, employment or other approved activity and their qualifications and readiness for

education is assessed.

In order to focus on attaining an education, pupils in primary and secondary school work with the

subject

Education and Job.

Table 2.1 shows measures securing early intervention for 15-17-years

old.

Table 2.1 Measures for all 15-17-year olds

Measure

15-17-year olds must be in educa-

tion, employment or other agreed

activity

Description

15-17-years old are obliged to be in education, employment or another activity

in accordance with their personal education plan. The activities shall aim at that

the 15-17-year old sooner or later completes vocational or upper secondary

education or gain foothold at the labour market.

When a young person is leaving primary and lower secondary education to

vocational or upper secondary education, the Youth Guidance Centre (ex-

plained in detail below) must assess whether the young person possesses the

necessary educational, personal and social skills. For young people, who are

assessed not yet ready for education, the municipality must provide training or

whatever needed to qualify for a positive assessment.

The municipalities must offer young people who are not ready for education

special courses aiming at uncovering the interests and competencies of the

young person and prepare him/her for education.

Assessment of 15-17-year olds

readiness for education

Municipal provisions for the 15-17-

year old

Steps have been taken to ensure a consistent focus and cohesion between measures for children

and measures for young adults. Section three and four mentions the newly established Youth Units

as an example. Furthermore the focus of the job centres has been extended to include all young

people from the age of 15.

The Youth Guarantee scheme covers youths until 25 years. The Danish focus on youth employ-

ment extends until the age of 29 years. Young people aged 18 to 29 is met with tailored measures

if they are unemployed. If they have an education making them ready for employment, the aim is to

ease the transition in to work. If they do not have an education and perhaps are not preconditioned

to begin one, then the goal is to provide the necessary upgrading of skills preparing them to begin

an ordinary education. Table 2.2 gives an overview of the three target groups of unemployed youth

[10]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

and the corresponding aims and offers. The measures mentioned in table 2.2 are explained in de-

tail in section four and five.

Table 2.2 Initiatives for 18-29 year olds

Group

Young people with-

out an education

Aim

The aim is to get young people to

complete vocational or further edu-

cation.

Measures include



The cash benefit reform: Early intervention and

activation

Initiative ‘Building Bridge to Education’

Reform of vocational education and training

Youth Guidance Centres

The Retention Taskforce

Internship Centres

Trainee effort for graduates

Wage subsidy jobs

Enterprise training

Jobrotation

Upgrading in connection with an employment

Usefulness job (nyttejob)

Better transitions to, and retention in VET

We Need All Youngsters

Youth Guidance Centres

Young people with

an education

For young people vocational or

further education, the aim is to ease

their transition into employment.

Young people with-

out the precondi-

tions to begin and

complete ordinary

education

Young people without an education

and without the preconditions to

begin and complete an ordinary

education, should be given the

needed upgrading of skills to be

able to obtain an ordinary educa-

tion.

The cash benefit reform – along with other recent reforms explained in detail in section 4 and 5–

introduces a more active approach and incentives in general and towards young people – which

means that everyone is met with clear requirements, expectations and guidance so that more peo-

ple will have the chance to get a stable relation to the labour market or the educational system.

Table 2.3 gives an overview of types of benefits relevant to unemployed youth.

Table 2.3 Overview of benefit types for young people

Type of benefit

Unemployment bene-

fit

(dagpenge)

Cash benefit

(kontanthjælp)

Description

All unemployed persons who are insured through an unemployment insurance fund (A-kasse)

have the right to receive unemployment benefit.

An unemployed person above 18 can receive cash benefit if the person is not able to provide

for herself and the person is not eligible for unemployment benefit or retirement benefit.

Concerning all young unemployed persons below 30 years without ordinary education, the

cash benefit reform replaced cash benefit with education benefit.

Unemployed persons above 30 years with or without education and persons below 30 years

with an ordinary education, still receives cash benefit.

Education benefit

(uddannelseshjælp)

All young unemployed persons below 30 years old without education, receives education

benefit as a result of the cash benefit reform. The rate corresponds to the state educational

grant and loan scheme rate, which is lower than cash benefit.

[11]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

In this way the young people does not experience a lower rate when beginning an ordinary

education, which was the case receiving the former cash benefit rate.

Recipients of education benefit who has challenges, i.e. they are not able to begin and follow

through on an ordinary education within a year, have the right to receive a higher rate of ben-

efit after three months, if they participate in an active offer or receive mentor-support in cases

where participation in an active offer is not possible.

State educational

grant and loan

schemes

(SU)

Danish students are entitled to public support for further education - regardless of social

standing. There are two main support programmes.

One is the grant for people over 18 year following a youth education program.

The other support programme is for students enrolled in a higher education course. These

students are entitled to a number of monthly grants corresponding to the prescribed duration

of the chosen study, plus 12 months. Inside a maximum of 70 grants students can change

from one course to another. If the student is taking a higher education programme and used

all his/her study grant portions, the student can get a completion loan. The student can re-

ceive a completion loan in the last year of studies.

It is expected that increased focus on the youth will improve their labour market opportunities, and

as such it is likely to lower the Danish unemployment rates among the youth.

[12]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

3. Partnership approaches

The effort towards unemployed young people under 30 years is, as well as the general employ-

ment effort in Denmark, handled through a partnership-based approach.

Depending on the need of the person, the different actors cooperate in partnership-based ap-

proaches in order to make sure that the right effort is initiated towards education or job. The cash

benefit reform for example reinforced the cooperation between the job centres and the educational

institutions, in order for the transition between unemployment and education to become easier.

In this section key organisations supporting the Youth Guarantee are presented.

Youth Guidance Centres (UU)

There are 53 youth guidance centres distributed among the 98 municipalities in Denmark. Each

centre covers a “sustainable” area in terms of geographical distance and quality. According to the

Act on Guidance, all 15-17 year olds have an obligation to be enrolled in an education, employ-

ment or other activities designed to ensure that they will get an ordinary education. The Youth

Guidance Centres assess the extent to which young people have the academic/vocational, per-

sonal and social competencies, which make them ready to begin and complete an upper second-

ary education.

The municipal Youth Guidance Centres provide guidance services for young people up to the age

of 25 years, focusing on the transition from compulsory to upper secondary education or, alterna-

tively, to the labour market.

Vocational Education and Training including stakeholder involvement (Erhvervsuddannelser)

The Danish vocational education and training system (VET) is based on the dual training principle:

Alternation between school-based education and apprenticeship in an enterprise (workplace train-

ing). The VET system qualifies students for labour market entry as skilled workers. Denmark has a

high transition from VET to labour market and a low unemployment rate among young people with

a VET program.

VET is characterized by a high degree of partnership involvement. The various partners have influ-

ence on how VET is organized, which ensures that programs continually meet the requirements for

each profession, technical, business and health care.

The Ministry of Education is responsible for the general rules and regulations as laid down by the

Parliament. It is the Ministry of Education that sets the overall framework of stakeholder’s involve-

ment.

The Advisory Council for Initial Vocational Education and Training (REU) is established under the

Act on Vocational Education and Training, which regulates its consultative function. The council’s

main objective is to advise the Minister of Education, but the Council may at its own initiative also

discuss and give advice on matters the Council regards as important.

REU consists of a Chairman and 31 members and a number of officials. The majority of those rep-

resent the social partners, i.e. employers' and workers' organizations. VET-colleges are represent-

ed by representatives of managements, teachers and students through their organisations.

The trade committees establish the teaching conditions as duration, objectives, evaluation, en-

trance location and approval of internship enterprises.

Employers and employees are equally represented in the committees and each year they submit a

development report for each of their respective vocational education.

[13]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

Production Schools (Produktionsskoler)

Production schools are an alternative entrance to a VET-college offering individual courses based

on practical work and production. The target group is young people below 25 who have not com-

pleted an upper secondary education and are without immediate qualifications to enter secondary

education. Participating in a production school program up to one year can contribute to the devel-

opment of the pupil’s personal, social and professional skills to enhance opportunities for continued

education or transition to stable employment.

Job centres (jobcentre)

There are 94 job centres in Denmark. In principle, each municipality has a job centre; however,

some of the very small municipalities do not have their own.

The main responsibility of job centres is to establish a quick and efficient match between job seek-

ers and enterprises. Within the employment system, the job centres are responsible for the effort

towards young people.

The job centre has a duty to make sure that the effort towards education does not end until the

young person begins an education and to make sure that the education is begun. If needed, the

job centre should offer mentor-support for the young person who has begun ordinary education.

The job centres are run by the municipalities. The Ministry of Employment is responsible for the

general rules and regulations as laid down by the Parliament.

Municipalities (kommuner)

There are 98 municipalities in Denmark. Each municipality has its own council elected by the popu-

lation. The municipalities manage the job centres and employment measures within the framework

of legislation for all groups of citizens.

Youth Units (ungeenheder)

Several municipalities have made a youth unit at educational institutions. These units offer a broad

and cross-sectoral effort to young people so that they meet a coordinated effort and so that they

are not sent from one administrative unit to the other.

The units are made up by of representatives from the job centre, the health care sector, the social

affairs administration, and the educational sector. They must ensure that the young people experi-

ence a systematic effort and that he or she will receive relevant offers across the various admin-

istrations. The offers must be targeted at education and employment.

Enterprises (virksomheder)

Enterprises are a crucial stakeholder to the job centres. By establishing contacts with the enter-

prises, the job centres are able to match job seekers with job openings.

Unemployment Insurance Funds (a-kasser)

There are 27 unemployment insurance funds in Denmark. These funds are responsible to pay out

benefits to their members. The unemployment insurance funds provide sector-specific advice on

job seeking to the members. And a number of unemployment insurance funds go further by locat-

ing job openings and establishing matches between job seekers and enterprises based on their

network of union representatives in the enterprises.

The Social Partners (arbejdsmarkedets parter)

The social partners are members of the local employment councils. These councils provide advice

about employment measures to the job centres. The social partners are also members of the re-

[14]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

gional and national employment council, where they are able to influence the employment policy

on a more strategic level.

Finally, the partners are members of the boards of the vocational educational institutions. Thereby,

the social partners are involved in the youth guarantee in both the employment and education sec-

tors.

Regional Growth Fora (regionale vækstcentre)

The regional growth fora are responsible for prioritizing most of the European Social Fund in Den-

mark based on regional growth and development strategies.

The regional growth fora represent the regional partnership: the regions, the municipalities, the

business organisations, the education institutions and the social partners.

Table 3.1 Overview of main actors

Actor

Youth Guidance Centres

Vocational Education and

Training including stakehold-

er involvement

Production Schools

Job centre

Role in the employment effort

Provides guidance services for young people up to the age of 25.

REU advices the Minister of Education on how the vocational educations should

evolve.

Development of personal, social and professional skills to enhance opportunities for

continued education or transition to stable employment.

Establish matches between job seekers and enterprises and general job-related

guidance.

If the unemployed is without an education, the job centre coordinates the effort to-

wards education.

Municipalities

Youth Units

Enterprises

Unemployment insurance

funds

Social partners

Regional growth fora

Manage the job centres.

Provide cross-sectoral efforts to young people.

Possible employers.

Pay out benefits and provide advice and job-related guidance to members.

Provide advice about employment measures to the job centres and vocational edu-

cational institutions.

Prioritize the European Social Fund in Denmark.

[15]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

4. Early intervention and activation

A central aspect of the Danish labour market policy and the Danish youth measures is early inter-

vention and activation which has been improved in recent years. This section describes the Danish

measures of early intervention and activation of the labour market policy.

Figur 4.1 Rules for the Danish employment effort for youths

The Cash Benefit Reform (Kontanthjælpsreform)

The Danish Government adopted a major change of the cash benefit system in 2013, which has

been implemented from 1 January 2014. The cash benefit reform is a major reform with many as-

pects. The reform consists of two parts; A part concerning unemployed over 30 years, and a part

concerning unemployed 18-29 years old youngster. Both parts of the reform focus on early inter-

vention and activation taking account of the needs of the individual person. The overall aim is to

help more people obtain an ordinary education and a permanent job.

All young unemployed below 30 years, who receive cash benefit or education benefit (se descrip-

tion above), will have their first interview in the job centre within the first seven days from asking

the job centre for support. Young people eligible for education help have the right to an educational

activation no later than 1 month after asking for support. Young people eligible for cash benefit will

also attend their interview in the job centre within the first seven days from asking the job centre for

support. The unemployed is obliged to search for employment. If employment is not obtained with-

in three months, the unemployed will be guided for either a so-called ‘nyttejob’ for a maximum of

13 weeks, training at an enterprise or a wage subsidy job. The unemployed furthermore has the

possibility to receive offers on upgrading of skills and qualifications.

If the unemployed is insured through an unemployment fund he or she will receive unemployment

benefits instead of cash benefits. Young people under 30 years receiving unemployment benefit

are entitled to a first interview in the job centre within 1 month and an active offer within 13 weeks

from unemployment. So the youth guarantee is also valid in this system.

The time of unemployment is counted from the day of registering at the job centre.

[16]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

As a result of the cash benefit reform the rules on visitation and activation has furthermore been

changed in order to ensure that young people entitled to education benefits, receive an early, indi-

vidually designed effort, which takes into account the specific challenges of the person. Vulnerable

young people, people with a range of challenges, single parents and young mothers will receive

additional support and assistance such as a coordinating caseworker and mentor support. With the

reform, focus has also been on a more holistic approach with closer cooperation between relevant

stakeholders.

With the reform follows a strong focus on the basic reading, writing and arithmetic skills of young

people without education, which are necessary for education and employment. The job centre is

obliged to test the young people for difficulties in this matter, and afterwards begin the necessary

efforts towards upgrading the basic skills on reading, writing and calculating until a level of skills

matching the level of skills after finishing primary school, is obtained.

The reform has a direct focus on education of all young persons under 30 years without education,

which means that this target group receives an instruction

(uddannelsespålæg)

to start an educa-

tion, when they have their first interview at the job centre. The reform contains a division of the

target group into three categories:



Clearly ready for an education



Ready for an education within one year



Ready for activation

The main reason of dividing the target group into three groups is to be able to design a tailor made

meaningful effort towards education for the young people, and thereby ensure that young people,

with serious challenges – social, personal and physical – are met with the right support and help

towards education.

The group of young unemployed, who are clearly ready for an education, should as soon as possi-

ble begin an education and they are urged to try to provide for themselves, until they begin an edu-

cation.

For young unemployed, who are ready for education within a year, the way towards education can

include: Upgrading of skills and qualifications, short internships in educational centres, mentoring

and practical work training in enterprises.

For the groups above, the job centre is obliged to support young people in the transition from un-

employment to education in order to secure, that they finish their education. For instance this is

implemented by strengthening the cooperation between the job centre and educational institution.

Young people who are ready for activation include those who are in need of extra measures in

order to begin an education.

A young person with a number of challenges are categorised as ‘ready for activation’ which entitles

to a particular effort. The measures for this group include the right to a coordinating caseworker in

the job centre. This way the young person receives coordinated support in a period of time as a

result of the partner-based approach to the youth efforts. The young person must receive close

and regular follow-up, and measures such as upgrading of skills and qualifications, short intern-

ships on educational centres, mentoring and practical work training in enterprises can also be of-

fered. If the young person in periods is not able to participate in any activities, a mentor is obliged

to support the young person.

The reform on cash benefit was implemented on 1 January 2014. It is funded by the government

(cf. chapter 6).

[17]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

Quality of services and offers

The overall quality standard for offers to young people is that all measures in the Danish active

effort must be directed towards ordinary employment or ordinary education. The effort must be

based on the specific wishes and skills of the individual unemployed person. These standards are

a built-in part of the Danish legislation towards young, unemployed persons.

There is a continuous follow-up towards the public employment services (PES) on whether the

active offers are being used in a correct manner in regards to the intentions of the employment

legislation. Some PES have implemented internal follow-up on how the active offers result in satis-

faction among the persons participating in them and are thereby working on improving the quality

in the individual’s perspective. The active offers are furthermore often being evaluated through

projects put down by parliament, which should result in qualifying the effort towards young unem-

ployed persons below 30 years.

In Denmark there is always an opportunity to complain over an active offer for free, if the person

participating in an active offer experiences, that the offer is not satisfying towards bringing the per-

son closer to ordinary employment or education.

The Danish government has appointed an expert committee which has analyzed the entire em-

ployment effort. The aim is to raise the quality of the offers to all unemployed, young people below

30 years included. An example would be to target the offers directly to the needs of the individual

unemployed person. The government will introduce a reform on the basis of the recommendations

of the expert committee in 2014.

The initiative ‘Building Bridge to Education’ (Videnspiloten ‘Brobygning til Uddannelse’)

The initiative ‘Building Bridge to Education’ runs from the beginning of 2013 until the end of 2014,

and focus on creating more knowledge about how to move vulnerable young people from unem-

ployment towards an education and ensure the ability to finish the education.

The objective of the project is to experiment with how the educational effort for young unemployed

persons under 30 without an education, can be strengthened. All positive results from the project

will be used actively to strengthen the educational measures in the new cash benefit reform.

‘Building Bridge to Education’ is a big-scale initiative, which consist of 12 different projects in Den-

mark that have individually designed efforts and all seek to bring further knowledge on measures

that have the potential to move young people under 30 without education from unemployment to

education.

All projects must follow 12 basic principles in order for the effects of the initiative to be measured.

To mention some of the principles, all participants must have a mentor as well as an upgrading of

skills. They must receive the upgrading at an educational institution.

The initiative runs from the beginning of 2013 until the end of 2014 and is funded by the govern-

ment (cf. chapter 6).

The Vocational Education and Training-reform (Erhvervsuddannelsesreformen)

In February 2014 the Danish Government and a majority of the political parties in the Danish Par-

liament agreed on a reform of the vocational education and training system (VET).

The vision for the reform is to make VET more attractive for young people. The structure of the

vocational education and training programs is to be simplified so that young people enrolling direct-

[18]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

ly from the compulsory school’s 9th and 10th forms are presented with a more manageable choice

and have more time to make their final educational choice. They will in principle start on a one-year

basic programme, whereas students with a training contract or practical experience are to receive

the school-based part of the basic programme in three to six months.

Another aim is to give young people who complete a vocational education and training program

better opportunities to move on to higher education.

Clear admission requirements are to raise the completion rate and improve the quality of the edu-

cation. This is in line with the country-specific recommendations 2014 for Denmark about improv-

ing the quality of vocational training to reduce drop-out rates.

Young people who are not able to start on a VET program or another youth education program

must be offered a targeted program, such as a new program in the 10th form (EUD10) that pre-

pares students for the VET programs and empowers them to meet the admission requirements.

Furthermore, a new flexible study program is to be established for young people who cannot com-

plete a VET program or an upper secondary school program. The purpose is to give these young-

sters who are at risk of being marginalised basic competencies to improve their opportunities of

finding a job. This responds to the country-specific recommendations 2014 for Denmark regarding

further steps to improve the employability of people at the margins of the labour market.

The role of guidance and of the Youth Guidance Centres (UU-centre)

Guidance is regarded as a continuous process that should help young people become more con-

scious of their abilities, interests and possibilities, thus enabling them to make decisions regarding

education and employment on a qualified basis. In Denmark there is an act on guidance covering

guidance in the education system. The act on guidance supports the Danish Government’s de-

clared aim that by 2015, 95 % of a youth cohort complete at least upper secondary education.

Contact to youths

The Youth Guidance Centres and the job centres collect data on the education and employment of

youths aged 15 to 29. The data available to the centres are different for different age groups:

15-17 year olds are obligated by law to be in some sort of educational activity or activity with an

educational perspective. For this group the data available are:



Educational status including highest completed education



Education plan from the Youth Guidance Centres including activities pertinent to the plan



Employment (from tax records)



Activities within the purview of the Active Employment Policy

The Youth Guidance Centres are obligated to oversee the young person’s compliance with their

education plan. If a young person deviates from the plan, the Guidance Centre must contact them

within 5 days of receiving this information, and the young person must receive an offer of an alter-

native activity within 30 days from the first contact.

For 18-24 year olds, who haven’t completed upper secondary education, the data available are:



Employment (from tax records)



Educational status including highest completed education

The Youth Guidance centres are obligated to follow the records of this age group. If a young per-

son has not completed upper secondary education and is not currently following an educational

programme, the Youth Guidance Centres must contact them and guide them about their educa-

tional possibilities.

[19]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

For 25-29 year olds, the data available are:



Educational status including highest completed education

For this age group the Youth Guidance Centres have no obligations. The data are forwarded to the

Ministry of Employment for the use of Job Centres.

National guidance objectives

A number of national objectives have been laid down for guidance concerning the choice of educa-

tion and career provided in relation to the transition from lower secondary education to youth edu-

cation programmes and programmes of higher education. The aims of guidance in Denmark are

the following:

Guidance must:



help to ensure that choice of education and career will be of greatest possible benefit to the

individual and to society



be targeted particularly at young people who, without specific guidance, will have difficulties

in relation to choice and completion of education, training and career;



take into account interests and personal qualifications and skills of the individual, including

informal competencies and previous education and work experience, as well as the ex-

pected need for skilled labour and self-employed businessmen;



contribute to limiting, as much as possible, the number of dropouts and students changing

from one education and training programme to another and ensure that the pupil or student

completes the chosen education with the greatest possible academic/vocational and per-

sonal benefits;



contribute to improving the individual’s ability to seek and use information, including ICT-

based information and guidance about choice of education, educational institution and ca-

reer;



help to ensure coherence and progression in the individual’s guidance support.

The program period runs through 2020; however, projects can be shorter in term. Each individual

project will be evaluated and a general evaluation will be performed at the end of the program peri-

od as well.

Other initiatives



Better transitions to, and retention in VET (Bedre overgang til og fastholdelse i erhvervsud-

dannelse)

The initiative 'Youth on the cross' (2013-2014), initiated by The Ministry of Education, will

help to develop methods and to implement best practices for youth transitions to vocational

training - whether young people coming directly from primary school or from other stations

in their lives. 12 projects each have their angle on solving a part of the overall task. See:

http://ungepaatvaers.dk/

We Need All Youngsters, Ministry

of Education (“Brug for alle unge”)

We Need All Youngsters (WNAY) aim to increase the number of ethnic minority youth that

begin and complete an upper secondary education. Since 2011, the initiative has primarily

focused on deprived residential areas with large concentrations of ethnic minority youths

from homes with little education. WNAY has a special focus on the boys as they have a

higher dropout rate than the national average.

The retention taskforce (FastholdelsesTaskforcen)



[20]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

The Retention Taskforce cooperates with vocational schools on improving the quality of the

pedagogical leadership and the pedagogical practices in the learning environment, with the

purpose of significantly improving the retention of the target groups The Retention Task-

force organizes network activities such as cluster meetings, network meetings, and confer-

ences.



Trade pilot scheme (Fagpilotordningen)

In 2012, the government granted 2.81 mio euros to run an experimental scheme during

2013-2015 called “Fagpilotordningen”.The aim is to strengthen the innovation in small and

medium-sized businesses and connect young people under 30 years with a vocational ed-

ucation to the labour market by hiring them to create innovative solutions and knowledge in

the businesses during a period of 6-12 months.

EU Structural Funds (Strukturfondsprojekter)

The program for EU Structural Funds 2014-2020 – primarily ESF - will focus on contributing

to a qualitative development of the Youth Employment efforts in Denmark.

In Denmark the ESF funds amounts to 170 million EUR for the period 2014-2020.

The ESF Funds only represent a marginal part of the financial funds available for Youth

Employment initiatives in Denmark. The ESF focus will therefore be on developing

knowledge on areas where new methods are relevant.

The priorities of the 2014 ESF programs in Denmark relevant for the YG will be:



Training and support initiatives for young people’s involvement in Entrepreneurship and

SME’s.



Improvement of the Labour Market and job relevance of Vocational and Further Educa-

tion



Support to disadvantaged youth in order to strengthen their capability to fulfil a job rele-

vant education.

The structural funds set a framework for projects implemented regionally. It is still too early

to say which projects will be enacted.



[21]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

5. Supportive Measures for labour market integration

This section maps the measures enacted to ease the transition for youth into the labour market.

Table 5.1 provides an overview of measures mentioned in the section.

Table 5.1 Overview concerning supportive measures for labour market integration

Initiative/measure

Trainee effort for gradu-

ates

(Trainee-indsats for dimit-

tender)

Content

The aim is to increase the possibility of getting a job

for young, unemployed graduates by gaining compe-

tencies through concrete upgrading with a focus on

professional relevance and business-orientation. At

the same time, the graduates will establish a rele-

vant and valuable network in the labour market.

The aim of wage subsidy jobs is to strengthen per-

sonal skills, for instance technical, social or linguistic

skills.

The target group will often be persons, who are

challenged in regards to obtaining a wage subsidy

job. The offer can take place in a private or public

enterprise.

The aim is to bring the group closer to employment

by upgrading skills and experience from enterprises.

Job rotation

(Jobrotation)

The aim of job rotation is that enterprises make sure

that the employees are well trained and updated

with the newest education and that the unemployed

gets a chance to earn work experience from a spe-

cific enterprise.

The aim is to improve the employability for the un-

employed by financing upgrading after employment.

The primary job rotation scheme

is aimed at skilled and unskilled

workers, while the secondary job

rotations scheme is aimed at

persons with a higher education

Newly employed persons, having

had a minimum period of unem-

ployment prior to the job. Persons

under 30 years, and persons

having a high risk of long term

unemployment, must have had a

preceding unemployment period

of at least 6 months, others a

period of at least 12 months, be-

fore the employment.

Target group

Young unemployed graduates

with a polytechnic or higher edu-

cation

Wage subsidy jobs

(Løntilskudsjob)

Unemployed people in general,

registered for employment at the

job centre.

Unemployed persons in general,

registered for employment at the

job centre.

Enterprise training

(Virksomhedspraktik)

Upgrading in connection

with an employment

(Opkvalificeringsjobs)

Internship Centres

(Praktikpladscentre)

The aim is to increase the total number of appren-

ticeships. It is furthermore expected that the intern-

ship centres will lead to an increase in the number of

short apprenticeship contracts.

Students who do not achieve

training contract with an enter-

prise.

Trainee effort for graduates (Trainee-indsats for dimittender)

The goal of this initiative is to get more young unemployed graduates with a polytechnic or higher

education into a traineeship. Thereby the opportunity of the graduates to find a job is increased.

With the initiative, the graduates will gain competencies through concrete upgrading with a focus

on professional relevance and business-orientation. At the same time, the graduates will establish

[22]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

a relevant and valuable network in the labour market. Examples of specific measures are subsi-

dised employment, job training, or job rotation. A combination of measures can also be applied.

The initiative was implemented at the beginning of 2012 and continues until 31 March 2014. The

evaluation is expected to be carried out shortly after and will be presented during the summer of

2014.

The aim of the initiative is that 2,000 trainee programs will be achieved

The initiative is financed by the government. In 2012 and 2013 2.7 million EUR has been set aside

for the initiative.

Wage subsidy jobs (Ansættelse med løntilskud)

The purpose of wage subsidy jobs is to rehabilitate and strengthen the skills of unemployed peo-

ple, for instance technical, social or linguistic skills.

The target group is unemployed people in general, registered for employment at the job centre,

and a part of the group of persons receiving education help from the job centre.

In a wage-subsidy job the unemployed can obtain work experience within a wanted work area.

A wage subsidy job in the private sector can have a maximum duration of 1 year. During the wage

subsidy period the person is employed by the firm. The private employer pays the collectively

agreed wage and receives a wage subsidy.

A wage subsidy job in the public sector can have a maximum of six months. The employer pays a

wage corresponding to the unemployment benefit or social benefit and receives a wage subsidy.

There are specific rules in order to avoid distortion of competition between enterprises. The rules

define e.g. the number of subsidized persons allowed in an enterprise depending of the size of the

enterprise.

Enterprise training (Virksomhedspraktik)

The target group is unemployed persons in general, registered for employment at the job centre.

This offer can take place in a private or public enterprise. The aim is to bring the target group clos-

er to employment by upgrading skills and experience from enterprises. The target group will often

be persons, who are challenged in regards to obtaining a wage subsidy job.

The job centre coordinates with the enterprise in regard to the purpose, length and content of the

training. Training at enterprises must last no more than four weeks and in certain cases 13 weeks.

The offer is funded by the government.

Internship Centres (Praktikcentre)

Students who do not achieve a training contract with an enterprise have the opportunity to spend

an alternative apprenticeship period in an internship centre at the VET-college - praktikcenter -

which will contribute to increase the total number of apprenticeships. In addition the internship cen-

tres are expected to lead to an increase in the number of short apprenticeship contracts.

The new 51 internship centres were established during 2013 within the existing organizational

framework of the vocational schools.

Students are in the future admitted directly to the main program on the basis of either an appren-

ticeship contract with an enterprise or a school agreement with an internship centre.

[23]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

Job rotation (Jobrotation)

When an employee takes part in temporary education job rotation allows an unemployed person to

temporarily replace the employee at the enterprise. Both public and private enterprises are able to

benefit from the job rotation scheme.

The aim of job rotation is twofold: Enterprises make sure that the employees are well trained and

updated with the newest knowledge. Meanwhile the unemployed gets a chance to get work experi-

ence from a specific enterprise. Furthermore, the unemployed is hired on normal wage conditions

and does not receive any unemployment benefits or social assistance while working in the enter-

prise.

The job rotation scheme has two different target groups: The primary job rotation scheme is aimed

at skilled and unskilled workers, while the secondary job rotations scheme is aimed at persons with

a higher education.

For the primary target group, the job centres have the exclusive authority to grant job rotation ben-

efits. In the case of job rotation benefits for the secondary group, the job centre must apply to the

National Labour Market Authority for benefits before the start of a project. While there is a legal

right to receive job rotation benefit on behalf of the group including skilled and unskilled workers,

the legal right for persons with higher educations is dependent on the availability of funding.

The Danish government granted 160 million EUR for the fiscal year of 2014 to the job rotation

scheme. 50 million EUR of these funds are earmarked to job rotation schemes for persons with

higher educations

Upgrading in connection with a job (Opkvalificeringsjobs)

The local job centre has the possibility to subsidize upgrading of a former unemployed in enterpris-

es when the person gets an ordinary job. The purpose is to improve the employability of recently

unemployed by financing upgrading during employment (financial support to the enterprises). The

subsidized upgrading must be supplementary to the normal training of new employees in the en-

terprise.

The target group is newly employed persons, having had a minimum period of unemployment prior

to the job. Young people, i.e. persons under 30 years, and persons having a high risk of long term

unemployment must have had a preceding unemployment period of at least 6 months, others a

period of at least 12 months, before the employment.

The employer applies for the subsidy at the local job centre. It is financed by the municipalities, and

part of their expenses is reimbursed by the state.

[24]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

6. Funding an continuous improvement of schemes

The table below provides an overview over a range of initiatives/measures, their implementation, expected impact, funding and planned evaluation.

Name of reform/

initiative

Cash benefit re-

form

Timetable for imple-

mentation

The reform was im-

plemented on 1 Jan-

uary 2014

Expected change

4.375 fulltime unemployed persons

will be moved from the cash benefit

system into education.

Planned evaluation

The result of the reform is monitored on

an ongoing basis.

Sources & levels of fund-

ing

The initiative is financed

by the government. The

entire reform is expected

to cut expenses in the

cash benefit system with

approximated 134 million

EUR yearly.

The initiative is financed

by the state. 2.7 million

EUR has been set aside

for the initiative.

No. of beneficiaries

4.375 full time unem-

ployed persons will be

transferred from the

cash benefit system

into education.

Trainee effort for

graduates

The initiative was

implemented in 2012

and continues until

March 2014.

The evaluation of the initiative will be

carried out in 2014.

2,000 trainee programs

are expected to be

achieved.

Bridge building to

education

2013-2014

2800 young unemployed persons

under 30 without education are

expected to finish a bridge-building

effort

The initiative is finally evaluated by May

2015.

The initiative is financed

by the government with

17 million. EUR.

2800 young unem-

ployed persons under

30 without education

are expected to finish a

bridge-building effort

Reform of voca-

tional education

and training

Expected Implemen-

tation start date:

2014

Expected End date:

2016

The overall aim is to have better

and more attractive vocational edu-

cation and training programmes

targeting young people and to pro-

vide adults with more flexible train-

ing opportunities to acquire VET-

qualifications

The reform is, when fully implemented,

expected to increase number of young

people choosing VET (25% in 2020 and

30% in 2025), improve completion rates

(2 out of 3 in 2025), more VET-

graduates to move on to higher educa-

tion programmes and more adults quali-

fying to become skilled workers.

Estimated increase in

government spending:

400 million EUR in total

from 2014 – 2020.

Not an accurate num-

ber

[25]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

Name of reform/

initiative

Youth Guidance

Centres

Timetable for

implementation

Guidance is a

permanent part

of educational

system.

Expected change

To contribute to achieving the Government's

target of 95 pct. of a youth cohort to com-

plete at least upper secondary education.

To reduce dropout rates at school (upper

secondary)

Planned evaluation

Monitored by the Ministry of

Education. There are yearly

surveys amongst users (user

satisfaction).

Statistics show yearly transi-

tion rates from compulsory

school to youth education and

also contains a status of young

people outside education and

labour market.

The ESF-programme will be

evaluated while running

Sources & levels of

funding

It is financed by mu-

nicipalities. Approxi-

mately 82 million

EUR/year is spent on

youth guidance

No. of beneficiaries

All young people in 8 , 9 and

10 grade and young people (up

to 25 years) outside education -

total of about 250.000 young

people, some will have individu-

al guidance, others will be cov-

ered by class-based (or similar)

activities.

EU Structural

Funds

(ESF-programme)

2014-2020

• Increase the number of self-employed.

• Increase the employment, also for social

marginalised people

• Increase the labour mobility

• Increase the number with vocational and

further education

To help to the more vulnerable and disad-

vantaged young people to start and complete

vocational training. The aim is that a larger

proportion of the weak young people will be

able to both initiate and complete vocational

training.

To contribute to achieving the Government's

target of 95 pct. of a youth cohort to com-

plete at least upper secondary education.

• To enhance the professional, social and

personal skills of ethnic minority young peo-

ple - and thus strengthen training readiness.

• To enhance the involvement of parents in

their children's education and training choic-

es.

• To develop knowledge-based methods,

based on the need for all young people's

experiences and tools that improve motiva-

tion and prerequisites.

206 million EUR for

2014-2020. No spe-

cific amount is allo-

cated to youth em-

ployment efforts.

Better transitions

to, and retention in

VET

2013-2014

The initiative will be evaluated

while running

Approximately 1 mio.

Euros, half part from

regions funding and

half part from central

government funding.

Governmental financ-

ing, about 0.9 mio

EUR/year

12 projects with unspecified

number of young people.

We Need All

Youngsters

2013-2014

End of 2014

[26]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

Name of reform/

initiative

The Retention

Taskforce

Timetable for imple-

mentation

2013-2014

Expected change

To contribute to increase the number

of young people in the target group to

enrol in and complete a vocational

education.

To contribute to achieving the Gov-

ernment's target of 95 pct. of a youth

cohort to complete at least upper

secondary education.

To strengthen the successful voca-

tional schools to be much more suc-

cessful in enrolment as well as

heightening the quality of the schools

pedagogical work

Pupils are in the future admitted di-

rectly to the VET main program on the

basis of either an apprenticeship

contract with an enterprise or a school

agreement with an internship centre.

Planned evaluation

The Retention Taskforce will

evaluate its initiatives in

order to find out effects and

evidence of the projects.

Sources & levels of funding

A total of 6 million EUR in

the years 2013-2016

No. of beneficiaries

Not an accurate number

Internship Centres

Already implemented

Internship

centres

were

established during 2013 and

are to be evaluated late 2015

1.5 million EUR for imple-

mentation

N/A

Job rotation

An analysis of effects of the

initiative will possibly be

initiated in 2014.

The initiative is financed by

the state. 160 million EUR

has been granted for the

fiscal year of 2014.

[27]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

7. Conclusion

As shown in this report Denmark has experienced a low youth unemployment compared to most

other EU-countries. This relative success has not lead to complacency. By contrast, the Danish

Government has carried out extensive reforms to enhance initiatives of early intervention,

measures to ease the transition into the labour market as well as secured that available benefits

provide strong incentives for young unemployed to achieve an education and actively search for

employment.

Given the initiatives described in this report and the range of the Danish policies of early interven-

tion and targeted support for unemployed youth, The Government of Denmark fulfil the Youth

Guarantee.

A central focus in the youth policy is that young people complete an education. It is clearly seen,

that young people without an ordinary education are over-represented among the unemployed.

The focus on education is a coherent effort secured by personal education plans from primary

school, Youth Guidance Centres and job centres among other institutions.

For youth the transition from education to labour market can prove particular difficult. A number of

reforms address issues related to the gap or mismatch between supply of education and demand

of the labour market. The report highlights vocational education and training (dual learning) as an

example of how dialogue between social partners and educations institution helps to address this.

As part of the Danish active labour market policy, early intervention is core. In addition, young per-

sons who experience unemployment have particular rights. As a general rule the unemployed will

have a personal interview within the first week of announcing their unemployment to the job centre.

This interview is then the starting point for a tailored and integrated effort to secure entry or a re-

turn to education or employment. All young unemployed will receive an active offer within 1 month

of unemployment. As part of the cash benefit reform and other initiatives and reforms in recent

years efforts have been improved. Benefits as well as assistance have been adjusted to secure

stronger incentives to enter or return to education or employment. This approach will continue as

part of future reforms – e.g. the Government’s plan for a reform of employment initiatives.

[28]

PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files PDF to HTML - Convert PDF files to HTML files

Ministry of Employment

Ved Stranden 8

1061 København K

+45 33 92 50 00